Computer Network

-common network terms



-Node

-A node is a connection point, localised swelling or a point of intersection.
-Is a device that connected to a computer network
-able to send, received, forward information over a communications channel
- Network node may either be a data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) or a data terminal equipment (DTE)
- Responsible for the information-processing resources available to the whole network of resources
-to provide subnet and is responsible for transmission of information communication subnet



-Client

-A client is the requesting program or user in a client/server relationship and also it is log into the network on the server.
-given permissions to use resources on the network and it is one of the central ideas of network computing.
-makes a service request from another program and can be used by programs within a single computer
-provides a convenient way to interconnect programs that are distributed efficiently across different locations.
-it also provides the user interface and performs some or all of the processing on requests it makes from the server


-Server

-A server is a software program that provides a specific kind of service to client software running.
-provides services used by other computers and also manages network resources
-is architecture, major element of modern operating system and network design that divides processing between clients and servers that can run on the same or different machines on the same network.


-Hub

-A common connection point for devices in a network , hardware device and also is a focal point.
-the central part of a wheel where the spokes come together and a place of convergence where data arrives from one or more directions and is forwarded out in one or more other directions
-a hub may include a router, a group of modem cards for dial-in users, a gateway card for connections to a local area network
-commonly used to connect segments of a LAN.


-Network interface cards (NIC)

- A computer circuit board/card or expansion board that is installed in a computer
- is the hardware added to the machine that allows it to communicate and connect with the network.
- provide a dedicated, full-time connection and it is bound to an IP address.
- A network interface card specifically designed for the LAN transmission technology.



-Network operating system (NOS)

- designed from the beginning to support networking and primarily to support workstation, personal computer, and, in some instances, older terminal that are connected on a local area network (LAN).
-Include special function to provide file and print services, directory services, and security to computers connected via a network.
- Windows 95 and Windows for Workgroups were Microsoft's first network operating system products


-Distributed processing

- A system consisting of a network of microcomputers
-Also known as distributed computing.
-Performing certain functions and linked with a main computer used for more complex tasks and the organization of processing to be carried out on a distributed system.
-Distributed processing includes paralle processing and it is for distributed computing architectures
-Is to run an application and contain sophisticated software that detects idle CPUs on the network and parcels out programs.
- involves distributed databases, databases in which the data is stored across two or more computer systems


-Host computer

-Host is a computer system that is accessed by a user working at a remote location
- attached to a net work,then provide the infrastructure for a computer service ,provides data and services to other computers.
- used to develop and emulate software for execution on another computer
-Also callled target computer.



-Network manager

- Network manager is to diagnose problems and gather statistics for administration and fine tuning
-It also managing computer networks
- help network system administrators manage a network and cover a wide area, including security ,performance and reliability.
- pertain to the operation,administration, maintenance, and provisioning of networked systems